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These have been designed as calendar for our organization.
Tuesday, December 30, 2008
Calendar, Model of Islamic Art
Enjoy the great wallpaper, icons of Islamic Art designed in Corel Draw.
Free to use.
Don't forget to comment
These have been designed as calendar for our organization.
Free to use.
Don't forget to comment
These have been designed as calendar for our organization.
Monday, December 8, 2008
Bilawal Bhutto,,, Caretaker of so-called ‘Bhutto Legacy’
In process of being Oxford graduate, Bilawal has been crowned the chairmanship of Pakistan People Party. Simply this mean, he is in-lined to become the premier of Pakistan (if things kept going in favor). It is hard to realize in developed societies but it happened here in Pakistan that a young guy has been awarded the opportunity to become the premier or simply to play with fate of people of this part of the world.
Bilawal, u must be very much careful because the field you are going to join is not a flat road, it is full of fears, dangers and threats.
(picture: Bilwal played the role of Devil in a drama staged in Oxford)
Wednesday, November 19, 2008
Media Theories
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Media must not broadcast any thing, which cause insult of some one.
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Pornization must be discouraged.
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Means of communication never communicate any material, which may be harmful for the dignity and salvation of country.
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Those information are also be defined prohibited which may result in problems of defenses of state.
This theory declares the media an instrument of information so must be free from any control. Eventually Libertarianism, with its freedom of press, becomes part of constitutional doctrine in U.S.A, England and later on many other countries of the world.
This theory of media is totally apposite to the libertarian theory of media. Soviet theory considers Libertarian as ‘corrupt’, ‘Venal’, ‘irresponsible’ and controlled by special interests. Actually Soviet theory is much closer to the Authoritarian theory. It was born out from the Philosophy of Lenin & Marks and described by Stalin into a theory.
Lenin has declared newspapers and other media the servant for the socialist revolution. He has also considered the media as a great reverend and motivating factor for the society. So in Russia press has been used as a puppet for the state and ruling communist party, which major duty was to publish and broadcast the socialist theories. Its services were not only to announce and published the official news but also to publicize the party decisions, policies and guiding principles. Due to the application of Soviet theory, the whole media in USSR was performing under the department of agitation and propagation.
Broad costing system in Soviet Union was much amazing and interesting. The most interesting one was the Radio Diffusion Exchange, which was working like a telephone exchange. Through which connections were allotted to demanders. These connections were actually speaking sets, which provide the facility of ‘as a whole’ listening at public places. Briefly we can say, in this theory media was used just for the promotion of communist theories, policies and thoughts. Very simple and common example of this theory was two major newspapers of Russia ‘Pravda’ and ‘Izvestia’. Those were used just to propagate the Soviet Regime.
According to the Schramm the writer of four theories of media “Soviet mass communication does not have the integrity of its own. They are kept instruments for the state and they are to obey humbly and nimbly the gyration of communist’s party lines and state directions. So simply we can state that Soviet press and the Soviet theory for media were fully captured and empoisoned by the state and the ruling party. Soviet media was not playing an educative, awaking and constructive role for the society at all.
In the process of communication authoritarian and communist theory’s worked in such manners, which resulted in the un-satisfaction of society.
In the Twentieth century when media was traveling over air and awaking the communities through the globe, a new theory came into existence. This theory was based over ‘free but responsible’ aim for the media. At that particular time libertarian theory was also been considered an unproductive and some times unsatisfactory. The greatest preacher of people governance Thomas Jefferson was seemed saying that it is a bitter truth that infinite freedom of press results in the destruction of social system.
In 930 for journalism code of conduct a sketch was sorted out for print media. Such types of codes were defined for Radio and Television in 1947 and 1953 respectively in USA, which was later on turned into social responsibility theory. This theory admits the freedom of media but bounded within responsibility and sense of duty.
It allows the media to criticize the government and institutions but also stress to be responsible in mass interest of state.
The communication act of 1934 of USA also reveals the nature of this theory according to which broadcasting is built upon the phrase “in the public interest, convenience and necessity.”
This free and open criticism of the media can be seen in many reviews and books.
Theodore Peterson writing about the social responsibility theory, William Irwin’s series on the press, Oapten Sinclair’s ‘the brass check’ and George Saldis, ‘freedom of press’ are the examples of this theory.
Today we can examine the media of USA under the umbrella of this theory is totally free to publish any thing but there can be hardly an example which prove that media has damaged the interest of the nation or state even a single line. <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><!--[endif]-->
Islamic Theory of Communication:
As nearly about all the Western journalists do not accept that Islam have defined some rules and regulations for the mass communication but how can it be possible that a system for the whole universe and for ever timings have neglected this important phase of the human’s life?
This inconsideration is nothing but the propagation against Islam and the psychic of ignoring Muslims by western media.
The Islamic theory of communication is actually not a theory, it is a defined rule and it cannot be modified as other theories defined by the human being because it has been revealed by Allah all mighty in a full flange order.
Every theory contains some ambiguities and shortfalls but Islamic theory does not have because of its origin, which can never been wrong.
In the Islamic System, Islamic theory of Communication has defined principles. Nothing except the truth can be communicated according to this theory.
The provision of goodness, the preaching’s of good wills, publicizing of nobilities and good manners, character building of human being, defamation of evils, prevention of anticipation and apprehension are the solid bases for the communication as per defined rules of Islamic theory.
Islamic theory of Communication wants the media items to be the part of alliance against the evil and social injustice.
It stress over the provision of true sorties, non-hazardous entertainment and the education of good ness.
At the end of my testimonial I want to state some sentences about the journalism in my Country Pakistan.
To day the mass communication around us by the Muslims journalist could not be declared an Islamic Mass Communication because it projects evils and it publishes the horrible material from the society. It plays a leading role for the promotion of yellow or black journalism. Our today’s media has been sunk in western and Hindu culture and civilization. It has reserved more than seventy percent of its space for the dancers, singers and drummers. Remaining part full of lie based stories. I can claim that this type of communication does not belong to any theory. Most probably we have to define a new theory for this type of Journalism and mass communication.
The Political structure of country has always affected the media, not only print but also the electronic media.
The freedom of press, the freedom of expression of press and the balance among the limitations of Freedom of press has always been modified as per conditions of politics and social culture of region.
From the very banging of formation of states, it has remained a problem all the times. Due to it in different periods, different theories of communication have been introduced and flush. In general we can divide these theories in four Parts.
Authoritarian Theory
At the end of seventeenth century this theory was introduced. Famous Greek Philosopher Plato is considered the founder of Authoritarian Theory. For the approval and sound support of this theory Mac Chavly, Habis, Trietskey Heagel, Caunt and Natshey were renowned figures.
According to Plato “if domination has been distributed in many persons of the state then its downfall gets started. So the ruling powers are required to lemmatize the authorities of peoples”. According to him, in his famous book ‘The State’ lemmatization of the citizens’ freedom in the state and classification of man in the state are totally authorized to the state. This theory gets support from the philosophy that some peoples are born for ruling and due to it powers always remains in few hands. So according to this theory social status, power, wealth and family honor is liable for the ruling establishment. This theory composed in formal philosophy in cooperation of such philosophers like Plato and Net Shay. So this theory declared a rule and approved Philosophy for new generations. It was spread throughout Europe by the invention of printing press through newspapers.
It was associated with Tudors of England, Bourbons in France and hems Bourg in Spain. In modern societies it has found the ways into the governments like Japan, Imperial Russia as well as Asian and North American Countries.
The press and communication media in such societies is viewed as an instrument for disseminating the state position, informing the populace what is right and what is wrong based on the Plato’s interpretations of issues and providing the official policy statements of the ruling Elite, the state after determining its objectives.
According to Authoritarian theory press was fully controlled by the ruling regime. For this control different tactics were used. Sometime outright censorship, requiring state approval for the matter to be published was used. Sometime bringing the media person under laws of treason or sedition for publishing material unfavorable to the state was used.
Blackmailing, threats of cancellation of declaration, banned over financial support, trials in courts and many other diplomacies were used to capture the media for obeying the state and utilization of authoritarians’ law. Today in 21st centenary many parts of the world have been free form that theory but many are still acting according to it. Especially the countries ruled by communist and third world countries.
Librarian theory of media:
This theory has been developed in sixteenth century slowly being refined in eighteenth century as libertarians’ principles found their way into nation’s constitutional framework. According to this theory media is exactly opposite of authoritarians press. From authoritarian to libertarian many factors are involved. Scientific and geographic discoveries, awareness of human being, uplift of human thinking, reaction against the dominance of church and movement against the monarchy, were the key factors of boosting libertarian theory of media.
Dekaret, Lark, Thomas Jefferson and other scholars provide foundation to this theory. When John Lark stated, “origin of powers of state are peoples living in it. Authorities of rulers are allotted by the peoples and whenever they will desire they can take them back. According to the scholars of this assembly citizens are dominant over the state. According to libertarian theory every person has the right to access any information and can examine it when he wishes.
Freedom of expression, freedom of speech and writing, freedom of creation and exposing was declared the fundamental right of a person, John Friskin, Thomas Jefferson and John Milton expressed the thoughts of open market. They stated “freedom is the fundamental right of any person and he must be free for his freedom of expression & thinking till he might be harmful for someone else”.
Jefferson was a great motivator of the government, which never involve in matters of media.
According to this theory the basic job of media is to produce news & entertainment. Selling & advertisement were also added for the settlement of financial problems of media.
This theory declares the media totally free from any type of control. But voluntarily that information will decide to be banned to broadcast which can be useful for the enemies or detrimental for the state or public.
This theory also applies some moral precautions as well. For example
Thursday, November 13, 2008
Human Catastrophe in FATA & NWFP
The Beginning
The Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) include seven Agencies viz Bajaur, Orakzai, Mohmand, Khyber, Kurram, North Waziristan and South Waziristan, and the tribal areas adjoining Peshawar, Kohat, Bannu, Dera Ismail Khan, Lakki Marwat and Tank districts. Article 247 of constitution of Pakistan provides for governance of these areas in a manner altogether different from the rest of Pakistan. The tribal areas are administered by the Governor NWFP as per directions given by the President of Pakistan. No Act passed by parliament applies to the tribal areas except to the extent permitted by the president. The president has the power to make laws for the tribal areas in respect of any matter within the legislative competence of parliament.
The president can also make regulations, with respect to any matter, for the peace and good governance of these areas. Neither the Supreme Court nor the High Court can exercise any jurisdiction in relation to the tribal areas unless the parliament by law provides otherwise. There is, therefore, no constitutional guarantee of fundamental rights for the citizens of FATA as enjoyed by citizens in the rest of Pakistan. With an estimated population of about 3.5 million, FATA have 12 representatives in the national assembly and 8 in the senate. These representatives can make laws for the rest of Pakistan but not for the areas they represent.
The administrative set-up includes, at Islamabad, the ministry of states and frontier regions and, at Peshawar, the FATA civil secretariat under the Governor NWFP. The governing law is the Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR) which is administered through the tribal jirgas and not through the courts of law. Responsibility for the crime committed by a member of a tribe is the collective responsibility of that tribe which then proceeds to punish its own offending member.
There is no statistical documentation of poverty levels in FATA. However, studies conducted by the Asian Development Bank in 2006 reveal that drinking water is in short supply throughout the region, infant and child mortality rates are higher than in the rest of Pakistan, education facilities are deficient in most villages and practically non-existent for girls, literacy rates are the lowest in the country and health facilities are substandard at best. The ADB study estimates that 60 percent of the people in Bajaur, Mohmand and Khyber live below the poverty line and that the female literacy rate in FATA as a whole is about 3 percent.
Trauma Commences…
The current disturbance commenced in 2002 in South Waziristan when Pakistan military launched operations against the militants. From North Waziristan disturbance spread into Bajaur and Mohmand Agencies, as also into the frontier regions of Bannu, Kohat and Swat districts. In Kurram Agency the violence was sectarian in nature leaving hundreds of Sunnis and Shias dead in its wake.
Trouble in Bajaur Agency
Bajaur Agency in FATA is tribal territory north of Peshawar that borders on Afghanistan's Kunar Province to the west. The area of Bajaur is 590 square miles. Smallest of the agencies in FATA, it has a hilly terrain. The population or Bajaur Agency is 700,000. The headquarters of the Agency administration is located in the town of Khar.
There are three main tribes in Bajaur: Utman Khel, Tarkalanri, and Mamund. The largest tribe is Utman Khel, judged by population or territory. The Utman Khel is at the southeast of Bajaur, while Mamund are at the southwest, and the Tarkani are at the north of Bajaur. Its border with Afghanistan's Kunar province makes it of strategic importance to Pakistan and the region.
Thousands of military men backed by heavy artillery, gunship helicopters, tanks and armour vehicles have launched a full-blown operation in Bajaur Agency. Military operations by Pakistani forces, air-strikes by US-led forces from neighboring Afghanistan has created chaos which is deepening the horrific conditions of life of local people. Military forces have been on the assault since summer across the agency. In result of this operation hundreds of people have been killed, crops and fertile lands have been destroyed, houses and shops were razed to the earth and thousands of people have fled to neighboring districts of Dir Lower, Malakand Agency, Peshawar, Charsadda, Nowshera, Swabi and Haripur districts of NWFP. Thousands others has left for other parts of Pakistan. It is expected that 2000 families have found shelter in Rawalpindi and Islamabad districts while many others have gone to Karachi. Remaining people are stranded in the war zone and has nothing to do with their fate.
Mass migration of the panicked tribal people has resulted emergency situation not only in Bajaur Agency but also in the neighboring district Dir Lower, Peshawar and Charsadda.
Kurram Agency
Kurram tribal agency is one of the eight agencies of FATA in Pakistan. Geographically it coversKurram Valleywhich is a beautiful valley in the northwestern part of Pakistan neighboring Afghanistan.
Until the year 2000, when divisions were abolished, Kurram District used to be part of the Peshawar Division of the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan. The name Kurram comes from the river Kurram which flows along the valley. The valley in the north is surrounded by White Mountains (KOH-E-SAFED) which also forms the natural border with Afghanistan.
The Kurram River drains the southern flanks of the KOH-E-SAFED mountain range, and enters the Indus plains north of Bannu. It flows west to east and crosses the PAKTIA Province Afghan-Pakistan border about 80 km southwest of Jalalabad, and joins the Indus near Isa Khel after a course of more than 320 km (200 miles). The district has an area of 3,310 km² (1,278 sq. miles); the population according to the 1998 about 500,000. The language of the tribe is Pashto. Shia and Sunni sects are inhabitants of this agency.
Disturbance in Kurram Agency
Kurram Agency is going through a terrible time on account of peace crisis and administrative neglect. The area has been suffering from intermittent sectarian violence for years but since the current riots in the latter half of the year 2007, Kurram Agency has been torn by war as well as by the lack of care from the government and even mainstream media in the country.
‘Our place has been cut off from the rest of the country and we have been forced to live an isolated life’ said a local resident who revealed that the roads leading to and from Kurram to other parts of the province (NWFP) have been closed for transportation since November 2007. Daily life necessities have to be supplied from across the border (Afghanistan); most of the agency area being also left without electricity, the residents are practically living a ‘dark life’.
Besides sectarian violence and general neglect of the Kurram Agency by the authorities, there seems to be a lack of understanding between the government and the local population. An instance of this was reported earlier this summer when a 100 member gathering (JIRGA), consisting members of both the major sects (Shia and Sunni), was arrested by the government authorities without any obvious reason; only to be released later. This kind of misunderstanding is getting in the way of peace efforts made by tribesmen and local elders to restore normal life in the area.
Clashes were sectarian in nature but have resulted in creation of a human tragedy. People of Kurram agency are suffering because of continuous violence, unavailability of food and other needs of human life.
Mohmand Agency
The Mohmand Agency in Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan created in 1951 that comprises of seven Tehsils.
- Anbar
- Pandyali
- Ekkagund
- Lakaro
- Halimzai
- Baizai
- Prang Ghar
Mohmand Tribes were administered by the Deputy Commissioner based in Peshawar, North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan. However it was not until 1973 that the headquarters of the Mohmand agency were moved from Peshawar to Ekkagund. Now, the permanent agency headquarters is at Ghalanai, deep in the Mohmand agency.
The disturbance because of military operations in Pakistan's tribal region is no longer confined to the North and South Waziristan regions along the Afghan border. As some time passed this disturbance found their roads deep in the erstwhile peaceful Mohmand tribal agency in Pakistan’s Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) region.
Trouble mounts in Mohmand Agency
People of Mohmand Agency are facing almost the same situation as of Bajaur agency. Military operation and continuous attacks by NATO forces in Lakaro, Ambar, Pandyali and Ekkagund Tehsils in Mohmand Agency created panic and tragic conditions for local inhabitants. Hundreds of men, women and children have been killed in result. They were forced to leave their homes and migrate to comparatively peaceful areas of district Charsadda and Peshawar adjacent to their agency. This resulted in a human crisis in these areas. Kind hearts and helping hands of their respective areas found no solution of this terrible situation. As time passes, situation is worsening. Bitter winter is on and poor IDPs are on the verge of a smash.
Another horrific aspect of this trauma is threat to the peace of Peshawar because of its location, which is only 30 minutes from the border and reports are beginning to emerge of insurgent activity extending toward the NWFP capital. In an alarming development earlier this month military movements in Warsak area of Peshawar and rumors of launching military operation have griped the city in fear.
Thousands of IDPs from Mohmand Agency has entered the district in search of peace and shelter and toll still increasing.
Due to continuous curfew and blockade of main roads and bridges in the troubled areas, people are crossing to district Peshawar through River Kabul by boats. IDPs are arriving at Warsak, Shaghali, Pyari, Nelawey and other localities of District Peshawar in U/C Jogani, U/C Ghari Sherdad and U/C Mathra.
Affectees of Mohmand Agency are now using another track for reaching peaceful areas of NWFP & FATA because of curfew and blockades of roads. They use to travel into Afghanistan and then cross border at Torkham area for entering again into Pakistan. Hundreds of families have been reached Khyber Agency so far and toll is still increasing.
Till now about 1200 families have arrived only to district Peshawar mainly sheltering in UC Jogani.
People are also traveling to Shaheed Banda, Shabqadar and other adjacent areas of district Charsadda by foot walking for hours through mountains. About 1500 families have arrived in district Charsadda.
Dozens of civilians have been injured during the operation. They were shifted and admitted in different hospitals of Charsadda and Peshawar. Hundreds of thousands of people are stranded in the war zone and has no alternative for shelter.
Darra Adam Khel
Dilemma of Afridis of Darra Adam Khel
Military operation started in Darra Adam Khel in mid of year 2007 which was later extended to Tirah valley of Khyber Agency. Heavy contingents of army and paramilitary troops were deployed and curfew was imposed for a long time. This operation, in search of so called militants, has destroyed the peaceful life of Afridis. Many of tribesmen, women and children were killed and hundreds of them were forced to leave their homes in search for peace and shelter in nearby areas of district Peshawar, Kohat and Orakzai Agency.
Lasting impact of crises in NWFP & FATA
Military operations against armed opposition groups in Pakistan have displaced hundreds of thousands of people in recent months. This operation caused the Asia’s biggest new displacement in 2007, with between 0.7 million people forced to flee their homes towards the end of the year. Few people re-turned as they noticed a little calm but they found their homes and property destroyed so they are also facing a life of refugees.
There are reports of children dying due to cold weather and non availability of food and life saving drugs. After reaching Tank, Banu and DI Khan districts of NWFP many IDPs of North and South Waziristan agencies were reportedly living in open fields under the roof of sky. Some displaced families sought shelter with relatives outside Waziristan and other areas after the region were sealed off by the army in January. According to the UN High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), some 190,000 people have been displaced just from Bajaur Agency.
As a whole, roughly estimating 0.7 million people have been effected and at least fifteen thousand families have shifted from their original places.
Where IDPs found the Shelter …
Tens of thousands of people have been displaced because of emergency situation created by military operations in north-western Pakistan. Majority of the IDPs preferred to stay with their relatives and friends in the settled districts so exact figures are hard to found but according to government figures, there are now an estimated 90,000 internally displaced persons (IDPs) in NWFP. Another 90,000 are believed to be displaced in Swat in northern NWFP, based on a recent government assessment. In addition, some 84,000 people were displaced by floods in August.
In fact no verified and accurate information in this regard are available. Non-government organizations and independent sources are insisting that the number of IDPs is far greater than the revealed figures. If government figures believed to be correct, even than people of NWFP are facing a human crises. All districts close to tribal belt of FATA and Swat district of NWFP are hosting thousands of IDPs.
Peshawar, the capital City of NWFP, hosting thousands of Afghan refugees for the last three decades, is currently the main destination for Internally Displaced Persons of FATA and NWFP.
Kacha Ghari Camp of Peshawar is situated at the bank of Peshawar-Afghan main road, hosted thousands of Afghan Refugees for a long time and recently vacated by them is now become a temporary shelter for 11000 registered IDPs from Bajaur and Mohmand Agencies. Toll is still increasing as families from different affected regions are approaching for shelter.
Due to continuous curfew and blockade of main roads and bridges in the troubled areas, people are crossing to district Peshawar through River Kabul by boats. IDPs are arriving at Warsak, Shaghali, Pyari, Nelawey and other localities of District Peshawar in U/C Jogani, U/C Ghari Sherdad and U/C Mathra.
Dir Lower is adjacent to Bajaur Agency. When crises began, thousands of affectees flooded into Dir lower in search of peace, food and shelter. Government department responsible for accommodating IDPs have established only four camps where just a few hundred of IDPs can found shelter. Thousands others are hosted by non-governmental organizations and local people.
In district Mardan, there is only one IDP camp in Sheikh Yaseen Town in which 201 families or 1,336 individuals including 678 children less than 5 years of age are living. However, the numbers are increasing day by day. According to the Relief Commissioner, NWFP, there are 4,191 families or 35,158 people are living with host families (relatives/friends) in district Mardan.
The neighboring district of Mohmand Agency, Charsadda has received thousands of IDPs from Mohmand Agency as well as from Bajaur Agency.
IDP camps in district Charsadda has been established at Government Teacher Training School, Palosa in which 476 families or 3,106 individuals including 639 children less than 5 years of age are living as of 8th Sept 2008. According to the Government, there are 754 families or 4,524 individuals are living with host families in district Charsadda. The camp population is also increasing day by day but the figure of IDPs residing with relatives or making arrangements for themselves are hard to count. It is a fact that number of such IDPs are also in thousands. A carefully collected figure of IDPs of Mohmand Agency by officials is touching to 100,000.
Displaced people used to travel to Shabqadar and other adjacent areas of district Charsadda by foot due to blockade of roads and bridges.
Hundreds of IDPs from Bajaur have been asked to shift to Government High School Pir Piai Nowshera Relief Camp exclusively set up for the victims. Thousands of people have been accommodated by local people and thousands of others are looking for shelter.
In Swabi district, there is no formal IDP camp established by government but 1,164 families or 9,310 IDPs are living with host families in this district.
As crises begun in North & South Waziristan Agencies, thousands of people left their homes and migrated to nearby districts of Tank, Dera Ismail Khan and Lakki Marwat. They are residing in temporary shelters, tents and along with their relatives. There is a little calm now in troubled agencies of North and South Waziristan but displaced people are facing worst time of their lives. Military operations are still continued and IDPs of southern districts are very much worried about their future.
Except above mentioned areas, IDPs have spread through the country wherever they found a little hope of peace and shelter. Other prominent regions, where IDPs are residing now are District Harripur in Hazara Division, District Rawalpindi in Punjab province and Karachi in Sindh province.
Except above mentioned relief camps established by government there are thousands of IDPs hosted by Non-governmental organizations, relatives of respective families and personally arranged shelters. Number of IDPs is increasing day by day as military operations are continued. As time passes miseries of these homeless people are multiplying as they don’t have any source of income and proper shelter. In these circumstances bitter coldness of upcoming winter will turn their lives more miserable.
Recommendations for a long lasting solution
Military operations should be halted immediately. Militant groups must stop their activities in the larger interest of common people.
For finding acceptable solutions for all stakeholders, negotiations should be started.
Military and militant must make it sure that during their assaults common people and their properties will be safe. Both of them must restrain from harassing common people.
Military must be careful in imposing curfew because it badly disturb lives of common people. If it is to be imposed, timings and duration of curfew must be advertised publicly.
IDPs should be provided better living facilities in their respective residents either in camps or on other places.
Basic health facilities, especially for women and children, should be provided to every Internally Displaced Family.
Displaced children should be provided with ample facilities of education otherwise their precious time will lost.
Facilities for mental health care should be arranged for IDPs.
IDPs should be provided with all possible facilities for going back to their homes and rehabilitating their life.
Wednesday, October 8, 2008
Merits & Demerits of Information Technology
Impacts of New communication Technology:
When wireless communication took place by the invention of radio by an Italian machinist Marconi a real revolution took place in the field of communication. As we could not deny the Wire Communication, Telephone or Telegraph but wireless Communication made the real change to the life of human being.
My first point is the largest and major symbol of new communication technology, which is
Information Technology:
Computer is the primary and basic unit of information technology. Today this unit is in our pockets as mobile phone, over the roads as Petrol pumps, in banks as ATMs, on public places as Robot and over our tables as our best friend, senseless partner and innocent slave. I can claim it that today for the mass communication and high exchange of information computer is present everywhere so it is everywhere.
Today the world which human being is use to live is considered a global village. Instead of long distances and for away locations the terminology of global village is perfectly right.
Modern ways of communication has made the happenings really strange. Some one sitting over the hills of a mountainous region can communicate his fellows everywhere in the universe without any passage of time. Mobile phone has totally changed the situation of meeting someone in days and hours. If someone is suffered of time-shortage and couldn’t waste the time in talking to some one, a built-in template massage can be the solution.
So there is no doubt that communication is in its best possible fluency.
Information flow:
Would any one like to waste his hours and days for finding the information about a topic of mass communication first in JMC’s library and then in the library of Peshawar University? And it is also not sure that he must succeed. But I am guaranteed of finding the information about any topic of any subject in seconds, because I comprehend a source, which has incredible and astonishing magnitude of information. Much interesting is it that this source is rapidly increasing. Within a time interval of few seconds’ 30 lacks pages of new information are being added to this source. And it is Internet, the origin of numerous information.
You might be able to guess the blooming of this source by just an example. Its name is “GOOGLE” and it has 23 billion pages of information just for
Awareness:
The modern way of communications are appreciated and honored for the awareness, they have given to the society of human being. Just due to it we were able to protect and be secure from a deadly demolishing diseases ‘Bird Flue’. We are fully aware about hepatitis A, B, and C now.
Moreover our awareness has not limited. We are also informed about the current situation of war and pace in the world. We know what our rights, to be taken are. We are able to protect ourselves from the tricks of our enemies. We are also aware that now a day what are the demands and requirements for surviving in the society. Through modern ways of communication we are able to know about the democracy and democratic values. Societies having profound democratic values are open pages for the explorers.
Time accumulation.
If some one wants to meet some one or see him alive, to day due to modern way of communication it does not require to travel for long distances. It can be made just by using a voice chat and web cam facility. In ancient stories of magicians we have heard about some “TLISMI SHEESHAS” I mean magic mirror, which magicians use to talk and see his client or subordinates in those mirrors.
Now that magic mirror is present in every home by which we can make the magic of talking and watching any one over our tables.
Knowledge beyond the perception:
Some decades ago who were able to tell us that what would happen in coming week.
You may know that some Amils, & Bangali Babas type imposters have taken this task voluntarily but today we are able to get meteorological reports through modern ways of communication. I mean the source of satellites reports that where the rain should be and when will be. Now a farmer is able to save the grains in shelter before it rained and he is able to plough the fields right in time. Can it be imagine without the modern ways of communications?
Entertainment:
Due to the information technology and modern ways of
communication, boring moments can be converted to a fully entertained manner. Sitting in the home or in office facing some horrifying moments some one can turned the TV to a sports channel where a majestic move of Ronaldino in the football stadium or a classic cover drive smashed by Inzamamul Haq can change the mood to fully amusing mode. So modern way of communication shows its presence anywhere and every situation.
It can be much interesting that a move in the field of soccer, cover drive in cricket ground will be displayed at the same moment even it is from the far away lands of football’s magicians Brazil or cricket pioneers kangaroos lands Australia. It can be an example least but not the last.
Connected to the world:
Today being the part of current affairs it is really a remarkable achievement by the modern means of communication that it updates information of its users in the least consumption of time.
Earthquake hits Balakot, Batagram, and Kashmir at 8:52 O’clock on the 8th of October and a person sitting in the city of
Tsunami hits Far Eastern countries in the early nightfall, and before the daybreak every one was watching the disasters sitting in
Security and least involvement of human being in communication:
In ancient times it was really amazing and some times too much
difficult to communicate without the involvement of a human being. Pigeons and trained birds have been used for making it possible but that was not satisfactory.
Modern way of communication has made it possible that massages can be delivered and received directly and than risk is too less to be ignored. It is useful in all the cases but specially when it is a confidential in means of security.
Releasing frustration:
Modern ways of communication also can be the source of relaxation. A frustrated person can be entertained and be relaxed by joyful animation. Some bodies’ habitually watch such type of entertaining and joyful events for releasing their tension.
As they are treated terribly throughout the days by different means and different sources. Information technology and its major source Internet can entertain an individual or group for hours with out tiring and boring.
Remarkable growth in trade:
The information technology created and developed totally a new phenomenon of trade and commerce. A real growth in E- commerce, which ultimately results in the growth of economy of the country. Microsoft the
Demerits
As for as my discussion is concerned, we can hardly assume that modern ways of communication can be harmful for the societies but unfortunately it is a bitter truth that today particularly in our society modern communication technology has affected it terribly.
Information overload.
As the terminology of ‘information flow’ has been introduced by modern communication means so ‘information overload’ is also its product. Though today we have numerous sources of information yet the selection and use of that information is also a real problem. Just for one topic the explorer might be treated and punished by a nonstop and uncontrolled thousand of pages from which the selection can be a real challenge. It will also confuse the browser that what would have been the selection and what should pass over.
Negative awareness:
It is the realty that awareness is the fruit of modern means of communication but it is also cannot be neglected that awareness before its times and in negative sense is also in alarming situation. Watching immoral scene over cable and television networks and surfing Internet an innocent person can also be plunge. Even in
This pessimistic and unenthusiastic awareness is injurious for the society of human being.
Physical Tribulations:
Modern means of communication have also been proved harmful
for its users. Playing video games, watching TV and working over computer ultimately results in snag of eyesight. Sometimes sitting imbalance on the chair before computer may cause the pain and sore in backbone. Keeping mobile phone near the heart may cause the heart attack and other problems with heart. Some harmful waves come out from the mobile devices when listening over it those can damage the listening power.
Promotion of western culture:
Due to modern ways of communication western culture and civilization has attacked over the Muslim community. Now this liberal and insignificant lifestyle of western nations is damaging the high valued and complimentary civilization of Islam. People sitting in their homes are directly targeted by western civilization through modern means of communication.
Frustration:
Modern means of communications are developing and promoting such an environment, which doesn’t exist in real life. A fully dramatic and artificial life style of an imaginary world occupies most of the time of modern means of communication. User of these means found himself in astonishing circumstances for some moments and when they comes out in real life and found everything changed and totally opposite of those scenes. So they feel too much ill at ease which causes tension and apprehension. A very simple and common example of this scenario is the society of our country
Unemployment:
Joblessness is also a result of modern means of communication. In ancient times thousands of horses were used for communication. Thousands of peoples were used to care those animals. Except it thousands of other people were used for communication directly. So a remarkable strength of humankind were jobbed but now it is the part of history and the job of hundred of men can be made now by a single person sitting beside the electronic machine. So it has been resulted in joblessness.
Conclusion:
Modern ways of communication are itself a gift of Allah all mighty to the human being. Now it’s all the merits and demerits are totally by the users of it. If someone obeys Allah all mighty and try to use these means for the development and betterment of humanity than it will be the distinction otherwise no one can blame the new communication technology.
Monday, September 8, 2008
Community Radio
Community radio - also called rural radio, cooperative radio, participatory radio, free radio, alternative, popular or educational radio - operates out of rural or urban areas, is broadcast to small areas and offers alternate, non-commercial, non-state voices to a diverse set of people via the radio.
Modern-day community radio stations often serve their listeners by offering a variety of music selections that are not necessarily catered for by larger corporate radio stations. Community radio outlets may also carry news and information programming geared toward the local area, particularly immigrant or minority groups that are poorly served by other media outlets. Community radio stations are aligned with communities rather than corporations.
Radio can easily reach the people living in remote and rural areas even if there is no phone or electricity. Radio reaches people who can't read or write. Disseminating information mostly depends on public media but it has failed to prove itself people-friendly over the time. As a result, commercial media gained popularity. Community broadcasting is needed to ensure people’s participation, which is also sustainable. Main objective of community radio is to strengthen democratic process at a local level. It will help diversity of content, information and nurture culture. It will also encourage participation, sharing information and innovation at the local level.
In
It found that the stations have delivered important social gains across a range of issues, but particularly in respect of volunteering, work placement and training opportunities. Increasingly this means economic gain for individuals with employment opportunities flowing through to the attainment of better standards of living and life opportunities. The stations have also given local communities a voice thereby promoting active citizenship.
Radio as a medium is increasing everywhere, omnipresent in its reach and its power to inform and entertain locally, nationally and immediately. Listeners love their local station; they participate in their community station; and they regularly tune into their favorite stations. They move seamlessly from commercial to community radio and, through the ease with which radio has been distributed on multiple platforms, listeners have taken radio into the digital world in many ways ahead of its sister broadcasting medium, television.
Community radio is defined as radio that is owned by the community and airs programmes designed and produced by it specifically for its own developmental needs. It is a significant departure from the primarily centralized radio broadcasting prototype that
Community radio is a type of radio service that caters to the interests of a certain area, broadcasting material that is popular to a local audience but is overlooked by more powerful broadcast groups.
Radio for the people, by the people is the concept behind community radio. It is a unique model that no other outlet can provide. Community radio is characterized by access, public participation in production, and decision-making and by listener. The movement that started in the
In
In most South Asian countries radio is controlled by the government. Recently a few governments have opened up the airwaves for private broadcasting. For instance, in the early 1990s, the
The concept of the Kothmale Internet Community Radio is a combination of community radio and the Internet. The Kothmale community radio, connected to the Internet, serves as a link between this powerful source of information and rural populations. The radio team browses the net for information requested by the audience, translates it into the local languages and then broadcasts it in a daily program. If requested, it also provides printouts of the downloaded information. In parallel, local communities are provided with free Internet access. Besides its own Internet cafe, the community radio has set up two free Internet access points at community libraries.
This can be a model for all the developing countries specially
Community Radio in the world has achieved a lot of goals but in South Asian region of the world it is still in a rudimentary stage. However, it is a growing concern in all parts of the region. With growing support from international communities and government of
Thursday, August 21, 2008
Me,,, Walk alone
I walk alone...on the blue yard of broken dreams, my shadow is the only one who walks besides me ...just A Soul in a crazy world!!
Wednesday, July 30, 2008
Radio Drama ….NWFP... History & Evaluation
It was the mid of 19th century when a number of scientist achieved the goal of wireless communication by sending and receiving different sounds in the form of electronic signals from one place to other with out any wire connection. Jagdesh Chandarboass from India was also one of them who did a great job but the Italian scientist Guglielmo Marchese Marconi was the person who succeeded by sending the sound from 1800 km distance and registering his invention in common wealth meeting in June 1886.
After this invention Radio communication gets some marvelous achievement in very few years and radio become the part of lives of human being all across the globe.
Indian people get access to this invention in the year 1923 when first Radio station was established in Bombay. Just three months later another radio station was established in Calcutta and soon after that in Madras.
In 1928 radio station was established in Lahore and soon after in Peshawar. It was the initiating of radio transmission in the area which is now known as Pakistan. The credit of establishment of radio station in Peshawar goes to all the time great Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum Khan, founder of Islamia College and University of Peshawar. He was on visit of England for participating in round table conference when he met Marconi and requested for the establishment of radio station in Peshawar. His request was honored and a radio transmitter of just 0.5 watts power was gifted to NWFP province of India. It is notable that power of transmitter installed today for radio Pakistan Peshawar is 300 KW, while the most powerful transmitter of NWFP is of 400 KW installed near Pabbi district Nowshera.
Along with 0.5 watt transmitter, 50 receiving sets (radio sets) were also provided to NWFP. These sets were distributed among the Khans of Nowshera, Charsadda, Mardan and other side by areas. They kept those radio sets in Hujras and people of village use to go for listening the transmission in those Hujras.
It was the beginning in NWFP but radio network was expanding with a stunning speed all across the sub-continent. New stations were establishing and people were getting closer to this machine. This fame and rapid expansion was based over some solid foundations. Radio was informing the masses. News, updates, commentaries, live discussions about current affairs and a lot more was broadcasting.
Radio was educating the masses. People were guided to follow the right way; people were getting informed about newly happenings all across the world. People were being guided about the day to day problems. So the fame was genuine.
Radio was entertaining the masses. People were entertained by musical programmes, songs and melodies. People were entertained by live story telling. People were provided with joy and happiness by gossiping and comedies. And people were entertained by Radio Drama.
Radio Drama contributed not only in entertaining the audience but educated them as well. It is really interesting to read about the drama all across the world but I will try to be focused over its NWFP status.
It was the spring of year 1935, when the first radio drama was broadcasted from All India Radio Peshawar. Aslam Khan Khattak, son of Ali Qulli Khan, was Director General at Peshawar radio station. Father of Nisar Mazloom wrote the script which was translated and published in English by Aslam Khan Khattak, graduate of Oxford.
This drama was broadcasted with title ‘دی وینو جام ’. This play was just of 15 minutes duration, as usually radio dramas are, but it get country wide fame and open doors for writers to meet the challenge of creation in that passion.
History of initiating radio drama in Peshawar is very interesting. In 30s neither the proper infrastructure nor the suitable artists were available for recording and broadcasting the drama. In those days theatrical artists were use to came Peshawar from Bombay and show their play here. These plays not only entertained the people of Peshawar but also inspired some of them to do the same. Prithvi Raj the founder of famous Kampoor family of Bollywood and Khalil Khan from Chamkanni, father of Umar Daraz and Ishrat, actors of Pashto films were also two of them. They laid the foundation of theatrical drama in Peshawar.
When it was decide that drama will be broadcast from All India Radio Peshawar, theatrical artists were asked to do the job. Although theatrical artist cannot be fit for radio drama yet it was the only choice. In this way دی وینو جام was aired from Peshawar radio.
It was proved the first drop of rain and than a history started formulating. Z.A Bukhari, brother of Pitras Bukhari, become the director of Peshawar radio when Pitras was Director General of All India Radio. Z.A Bukhari was a renowned dramatist who not only wrote some famous drama serials like ‘لائٹ ہاؤس کے محافظ’ but also develop a pool of dramatists in Peshawar station.
For the appointment of staff writer at Peshawar station a test was conducted in those days. This test was taken by two towering personalities of Pashto Literary world along with other people. Samundar Khan Samundar and Amir Hamza Shinwari appeared for the test. Fortunately test was qualified by Samundar Khan Samundar who declared the father of Pashto Drama writing in history. Although Amir Hamza Khan Shinwari the great Pashto poet of its time could not qualify the test yet he kept contact with radio and produce a number of booming dramas in Pashto language.
Samundar Khan Samundar produced an exceptional serial about the imposters of societies ‘د اوچے خان’ which was highly valued by people of all walks of life.
In early days of Peshawar radio stations some top class dramatist came to Peshawar and done a great job for establishing the trend of drama writing and production. Kartar Singh Dugal was one of them who later embrace Islam and become the citizen of Pakistan for ever.
After the partition, when All India Radio turned to Radio Pakistan Ajmal Khan Khattak, another legend of Pashto literary world was stepped forward and took part in the development of Pashto Drama. Although he was expelled from the services by charging him Pakhtoonistani, yet he played a sparkling role and contributed in excellent passion.
In early fifties a number of eminent dramas were produced by those big names. ‘سور پہ ز وان’ , ' داسمان منجھاری ‘ , قسمت او عقل' ‘ were some of them. Main Said Rasool a well educated person wrote an outstanding play ‘سقراط مرگ’ which was highly appreciated by the audience.
Another famous drama was produced by Major S.A Rahmani focusing the life in ‘بازار حسن’ in sixties.
Along with newly written plays, dramas from other languages special from Urdu were translated in Pashto and broadcasted from Peshawar. Drama serial ‘اس دیوانگی میں ‘ by Bano Qudsia, dramas written by William Shakespeare those were usually translated by Agha Hasher, Pitras Bukhari, Saadat Hassan Minto and many others were also broadcasted from radio Pakistan Peshawar either in same language or in Pashto.
‘بوڑھا اور سمندر’ by Abu Saeed Qurashi and ‘اس منجدھار میں’ by Saadat Hassan Minto was also aired from Peshawar.
It may be interesting to mention that in decades of 50 and sixty drama writers were rewarded with just 30 rupees for any single production. In spite of this miserable financial condition writers did a great job with dedication, enthusiasm, and passions.
‘تلقین شاہ’ by Ishfaq Ahmad in early 60s was blockbuster all across the country and broadcast for a long time. Impact of this drama was long lasting and it set the trend of producing quality educational and moral dramas.
Peshawar Radio also telecast some famous Hindko drama serials and series as well. ‘ قہوہ خانہ ‘ was a famous feature drama about the social and cultural issues of the society. It was a soap serial continuously aired for 17 years. ‘لالہ فدو’ and ' خالہ بی’ were two characters of this serial. They got vast fame and honor all across Hindko speaking community and become representational character.
Radio Pakistan has the tradition of celebrating drama week every year since early sixties. It was one of those kinds of competition when a youngster belonging to Peshawar produced ‘رنڑا’ and won the best dramatist award. At that moment no one could percept that one day this youngster will become the icon of radio Pakistan and will earn global fame for radio Pakistan. Producer of ‘رنڑا’ also produce ‘پلوشے’ which transmitted continuously for nine years but his exceptional production was ‘نوے کور او نوے ثوند’ that was not only broadcast from radio Pakistan Peshawar and BBC London in Pashto but also aired from Quata radio station in Dari language with title ‘خانہ نو زندگی نو’ for ten years continuously under his direct supervision and still on air since 1994. Umar Nasir, a great name of radio drama in Pakistan joined radio Pakistan Peshawar in 1960 and released himself in 2003. His production نوے کور او نوے ثوند’ or خانہ نو زندگی نو' ’ is the drama serial broadcasted in dual languages at the same time from three stations. This serial was selected for the first category in world drama festival, which is celebrated every year in USA, five times consecutively. Once in 2004 this serial beat more than 10 thousands dramas and won the first prize for Radio Pakistan.
Mushtaq Shabab, another big name of radio Pakistan, also has the credit of producing some very useful and famous drama series and serials. ‘کل اور آج اور کل’ by Mushtaq Shabab is on air now a day and has a great contribution in educating people about their health.
Basit Saleem Siddiqui production of historical dramas is also a great asset of radio archives and has played a key role for developing the fashion of historical drama production in radio.
Masood Anwar, editor of ‘شہباز’ also produced a number of famous dramas for radio Pakistan.
Khaliqdad Umeed, Dr. Muhammad Azam, Hamayun Humaa, Sahir Afridi, Zatoon Bano, Zahida Haleem Qurashi, Younas Qiasi who wrote his first drama in 1st year of his college, and a number of other people have done a great job for the development of radio drama in Peshawar. The job of many distinguish dramatist could not be portray here fairly that is just due to lack of knowledge and insufficient access to resources but there is no doubt that many people done sufficient efforts to develop the drama production in such a diffident and backward part of the world.
Radio Pakistan… in 21st century
Radio Pakistan now a days broadcast its transmission from 25 radio stations spread from Sakardu to Gawadar. It broadcast for 300 hours a day in 20 local and international languages covering the 75% land area and more than 90% of population of Pakistan. It is the misfortune of radio drama that this immense network has reserved just 2% of its air time for drama while 48% has been granted for musical programs. But this bad luck is not only for drama the same case is with health and technology having 2% airtime each and only 3% of its airtime for youths and students.
Anyhow radio drama is still playing an important role not only for entertaining and educating the masses but also for strengthening the financial condition of radios all across the world as well as in NWFP.
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